Utilizing Selective Or Differential Focus

Selective Or Differential focus  is a technique used in photography  through which special lenses are used to create focus layers utilizing depth of field information.It can pop out a subject from the rest or can isolate different portions of the same subject which attract a viewers eye to it, and it also creates a three dimensional look to the images with isolated interesting points.

To achieve that effect you must be aware of the concept of depth of field in photography. Differential focus can be achieved by focusing subject of interest in the image by controlling the depth of field. That object may be a nearer one or faraway. That effect is mostly achieved in sports and portrait photography to pop up the main subject and make the composition more simple by reducing the clutter. For this purpose mostly tele photo lenses at wide aperture are used.  Here in this short article I will try to tell how this effect works in macro photography. Macro pictures with limited zones of sharp focus and most diffused details are appreciated by those who love fine art macro photography. Differential focus can be achieved by using some Photoshop  plugins but not an alternative to the genius work with an appropriate lens. For this shot I used as an example here, Canon 60mm EFS lens is used at 2.8 aperture. Macro lenses have a shallow depth of field as an inherent property. Lenses with longer focal length like Canon 100 mm f /2 macro or Sigma 150 mm f/2.8 are more suitable to get extreme creative results.

When shooting insects, always try to keep the eyes of the subject in sharp focus and let the other scene get natural gradient in focus. Anthers of the flowers are another part in popular macro subject which is appropriate for differential focus. Here in this example I was lucky enough to have both, eye of the butterfly and anthers of the flower in the same plane which helped to keep  both in focus. Antennae and bristles of the butterfly are impossible to keep in focus when you are using shallow depth of field . So never mind and let the elements blur naturally and gradually. If you are able to create a soft illusive effect in the overall image then it would be a great macro work. Here  are the key points repeated again to keep in mind while shooting macro subjects:

* Use a macro lens with wide aperture

* Use these lenses at maximum aperture like f/2.8 or lower if your lens allow.

* Keep the eyes of the subjects in focus and forget about the rest

* If you are shooting a tree branch in spring then keep most prominent bud in focus.

* While using differential focus for flowers either focus on stamens and anthers in the middle of the flower or the outer most petal   and let the other flower blur naturally and gradually.

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BLACK AND WHITE WORLD

BY:     RAZAQ VANCE

 Black and white photography is more classic and artistic . Colors fascinate but not in all situations. Some time colors distract you from the main subject and delicacy of the subject. This is especially true in documentary photography and portraits. Black and white photography no doubt has its own magic and now gaining back its lost status in digital era. Here are some tips to get   the magic of black and white photography.

1)               SHOOT AT A NORMAL MODE

        Almost every DSLR have black and white mode. Don’t use that. Shoot in color as you can use the picture in color if you are unable to get desired result in B&W.

 2)      SUBJECT MATTER

Keep in mind while shooting that you will convert the shot in black and white. Human activity in a dramatic light gives excellent results in B&W. But keep the composition simple. Few elements in a good action and light would produce more pleasing affect.  

 3)      LANDSCAPE IN BLACK AND WHITE

One can hardly imagine a landscape without colors. Its true most of the time but water bodies like shimmering streams and lakes look more mystic and mysterious in B&W.  

 4)      GREY WEATHER – SHOOT IN BLACK AND WHITE

Grey weather disappoints you in color. So convert the pictures in black and  you will end up with more moody pictures.

 5)      DRAMATIC LIGHT

 Angular evening and morning lights produce stunning B&W shots. Even in city life, early morning shoots of daily activity looks more artistic in B&W.

   6)      FOG AND MIST- TIME FOR BLACK AND WHITE

 I prefer to opt for B&W in foggy and misty conditions because it produce a grainy effect and gives the shots a more pleasing. 

 7)      USE SOFTWARE WISELY

 Photoshop is best in the market for processing images. Don’t use black & white options in the image- adjustment Manu, rather go to image – calculations in the drop down manu and you will get more contrast with good tonal range. Also try gradient map in B&W colors.

 8)      USE BURNING AND DODGING

                                                                                                           When we were doing B&W in dark rooms we just burned and dodge the prints to get        desired results. Rule is the same in your digital darkroom- burn the highlights and dodges the shadows. You will end up with excellent tonal range 

9)      ADD SOME NOISE IN BLACK AND WHITE 

 Add some noise black and white shots especially in documentary and portraits. That can be added by using “ad noise” filter in PS. It will give your images  grainy film effect and amore artistic touch. 

 10)   LEARN TO SEE THE WORLD IN BLACK AND WHITE

Imagine the subjects in black and white. This practice will make you able to decide for which subject you should go for B&W. See lot of black and white images on web and magazines  to increase your vocabulary.    

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